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  Part I: Defining the Open AI Landscape 1.1 The Wellspring: The Transformer and the Genesis of Modern AI The entire modern Artificial Intelligence (AI) industry, encompassing models from OpenAI, Google, Meta, and others, can be traced back to a single "wellspring" technology: the Transformer architecture . 1 This architecture was first proposed by researchers at Google in a seminal 2017 paper titled " Attention Is All You Need ". 1 Before this, the dominant architectures for sequence-based tasks like language translation were Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. 2 These models processed data sequentially , token by token, which created a computational bottleneck and made it challenging to capture long-range dependencies in text. 3 The Transformer architecture represented a fundamental paradigm shift. Its core innovation was the self-attention mechanism 3 , which allowed the model to weigh the importance of all other tokens...